Computer RAM acts like your device’s short term memory. It keeps the information needed for apps and games near your processor rather than having to move it from long-term storage on a disk (SSD or HDD).
RAM comes in multiple shapes, sizes, and speeds. Most computers use DDR4 which operates at 2,400MHz but gamers and overclockers often look for higher clocked RAM with speeds up to 4,800MHz.
What is RAM?
RAM is a temporary storage place where your computer holds the most recently-used information it needs to access quickly. It keeps other components, like your hard drive and solid-state drives, from needing to rely on slower long-term storage when it’s processing something new.
It’s called random access memory because any part of data in it can be accessed randomly by your CPU without having to look up where that info is stored in the file system (like with a folder in the file browser). In contrast, non-volatile system storage like HDDs and SSDs loses its data when power is cut.
You’ll want at least 16GB of RAM for gaming, but 64GB is usually recommended for top-end users who use programs that take up a lot of memory like 3D modelling applications or 4K or 8K video editing software. This is because these applications have much higher memory requirements than the average game. Having more RAM will enable you to use these programs faster while also giving your PC the speed boost it needs to be fast and responsive.
How is RAM used?
The CPU is the brain of a computer, but it needs fast access to temporary data. This is where RAM comes in.
When you open a program or file, the operating system reads its data from long-term storage on a hard disk drive and copies it into RAM for immediate use. This process is called loading, and it happens almost instantly because RAM is orders of magnitude faster than accessing data on a disk.
Once the operating system is done actively working with a program, it shifts it back into long-term storage on the disk drive. This process, called paging, can lead to slowdowns and other performance issues.
Modern computers use SDRAM, which has tiny capacitors that constantly refill with power to store data as it is being transmitted at the peak of a clock cycle. Newer generations of SDRAM allow even more data to be sent during each pulse, allowing for faster performance. RAM can either be soldered on to a motherboard or placed into removable modules that slot into the motherboard, known as DIMMs.
How much RAM do I need?
For everyday computer use like browsing the internet, watching videos and using word processors, 8 GB of RAM is usually enough. In fact, most computers come with this much RAM already installed and you can easily upgrade it if you need more.
More complex activities such as editing video, running 3D graphics programs and playing modern video games require a healthy dose of memory for quick access to temporary data. These applications read and write to RAM orders of magnitude faster than to storage devices like hard drives or solid state drives.
When building a gaming PC, 16 GB of RAM is often considered a minimum standard, but more is recommended for a smooth experience. New AAA titles are increasingly demanding on game systems, with some requiring as much as 32 GB to run smoothly.
How do I upgrade my RAM?
Adding more RAM allows your PC to run more applications at once without experiencing frustrating lag and slowdown. It also reduces the need for the operating system to use virtual memory (hard drive space) as a substitute, boosting overall performance.
It’s important to choose compatible RAM modules based on their capacity, speed and form factor. It’s also advisable to use multiple identical RAM modules in your PC, known as dual-channel mode, which doubles the available memory bandwidth and further improves performance.
To upgrade your laptop, turn it off and unplug any peripheral devices before opening the case. Protect sensitive internal components with antistatic gloves and a dry, flat surface to prevent static discharge. Unlock the laptop’s RAM slots by pushing aside the clips that secure the modules. Remove the existing module and insert your new RAM by aligning it with the notch in the slot. Press down firmly until you hear a click.
When finished, power up your computer and verify that the upgraded RAM is recognized by the operating system. If needed, install memory stress testing software to ensure stable performance.