PC hardware is a combination of durable and tough internal components that make your computer run. Responsible computer users should learn about pc hardware so they can troubleshoot problems without having to go to a computer store.
The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all other parts of the computer together. It has slots for expansion cards and ports for connecting accessories. The CPU slot carries the microprocessor, and there is RAM (random access memory) to hold currently-used data and codes.
Motherboard
A motherboard is the core piece of hardware that connects other components to create a functional computer. It acts as the backbone of the system, allowing other circuit boards like the CPU, RAM memory modules, hard disk drives and expansion cards to work together.
Motherboards have slots for adding memory and connecting additional devices, as well as connectors that supply power to those components from the power supply unit. They also include what is known as a BIOS or UEFI that manages interactions between the hardware and software to ensure the best performance possible.
The main function of a motherboard is to provide and distribute electricity optimally. This includes ensuring that each component receives enough to function properly but not too much to cause overheating or damage.
Processor
The central processing unit (CPU) is like a device’s brain, telling everything from the disk drives and screens to the graphics processing units what to do. It also interprets most of your software commands.
Whether you are shopping for an octa-core processor to handle sophisticated programming tasks or a dual-processor model that handles everyday computer functions, there is a CPU out there that will meet your computing needs. Learn about the different types and how their architecture affects performance, speed, power consumption and heat generation. These basics will help you find the right one for your PC. This course is aligned to the CompTIA A+ certification exam.
Memory
Memory is where the computer stores information for immediate access. It’s a volatile type of storage, meaning data stored in it is lost when the computer is turned off.
Computers also have other types of secondary storage, like HDDs and SDDs. These store files like programs on a physical disk that the computer reads using an arm similar to a record player.
RAM keeps important currently-used data and codes on standby for quick loading, reducing the need to transfer large amounts of data into and out of standard hard drive storage. Modern motherboards support multiple memory channels, and perform best when fitted with identical sets of DIMMs installed in matching “banks.” The latest type of RAM is double data rate 4 synchronous dynamic random-access memory (DDR4 SDRAM)..
Hard Drive
The hard drive is the primary place for storing digital files. They contain all the information that your computer creates or stores, including programs, pictures, music, and videos.
When your computer reads or writes files, it uses the disk controller on the motherboard to interpret the data sent to and from the drive’s platters. This determines where each file is stored on the drive and how fast it can be found.
Physical failure can result from overheating, a sudden power outage, or a drop that causes the drive’s actuator arm to skip across a spinning platter and cause irreparable damage. Logical failure can be caused by corrupted files, malware, and human error.
Optical Drive
An optical drive is used to read and write disks such as CD-ROM or DVD. Although these drives are becoming less common as the computer industry moves towards online storage, they continue to be useful for some applications like high-resolution medical imaging and offline navigation data for GPS systems.
The surface of an optical disc contains pits and lands that represent binary data; 1s and 0s. The drive reads this data by passing a laser beam through an optical lens. The back end of the drive has a port for a cable that connects to the motherboard. There is also a connection for power from the power supply.
Case
A case, also called a tower, keeps the rest of a computer’s electronics safe and organized. It has fans for keeping electronics cool, which is important because the electronic circuits in computers are fragile and easily destroyed by heat. The case also provides room for a large power supply unit, or PSU, which handles the power conversion for all of the components in a computer. Hobbyists often customize their cases with lights and other features.